When you delete a file (not just send to the recycling bin, but actually delete), Windows really just flags the file as deleted, but it's really still there more or less. So as long as that particular block of space on your hard drive isn't reused, it's pretty recoverable.

But when you overwrite it? More than likely, it's not going to be recoverable by any easy-to-come-by tool. (Supposedly, the NSA can recover data even if you have overwritten the drive multiple times. But you're probably not them.)

There is a feature of Windows 10 called "previous versions" where you can have it automatically archive some or all changed files and then access that "previous versions" tab via the properties dialog. I have never used it so I don't know anything about it beyond its existence. But this is something you would have had to have setup - it's not something that's just turned on.